英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的主謂一致是指：

1) 語(yǔ)法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。

2) 意義上要一致，即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。

3) 就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。

There is much water in the thermos.

但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)

Reading and writing are very important.

注意： 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.

典型例題

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. isB. was C. are D. were

答案B. 注： 先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)，先排除A.，C.。本題易誤選D，因?yàn)門(mén)he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人，但仔細(xì)辨別， monitor 前沒(méi)有the，在英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語(yǔ)為一個(gè)人，所以應(yīng)選B。

主謂一致中的靠近原則

1) 當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..

There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

2)當(dāng)either… or… 與neither… nor，連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。

Either you or she is to go.

Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致

當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.

He as well as I wants to go boating.