句式倒裝類錯(cuò)誤
英語(yǔ)句子通常以“主語(yǔ)—謂語(yǔ)—賓語(yǔ)”這樣的順序排列，這種語(yǔ)序稱為自然語(yǔ)序。但有時(shí)由于修飾等方面的需要，將謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或其他成分置于主語(yǔ)之前，從而構(gòu)成倒裝語(yǔ)序。英語(yǔ)的倒裝語(yǔ)序又分部分倒裝和完全倒裝兩類。從理論上說(shuō)，倒裝并不復(fù)雜，也不難，但問(wèn)題是有時(shí)命題人巧妙在將倒裝與其他知識(shí)結(jié)合起來(lái)進(jìn)行考查，即命題不是直接考查倒裝，而是借倒裝這種形式，以此為掩護(hù)考查其他知識(shí)點(diǎn)。下面請(qǐng)看幾個(gè)實(shí)例：
◇Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, _________ lives his uncle.
A. whichB. who C. whereD. that
許多同學(xué)一看空格后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 lives，便斷定空格處一定要填一個(gè)能用作主語(yǔ)的詞，很顯然這個(gè)詞應(yīng)是 who，因?yàn)橹挥?who 與 lives 搭配才是合乎情理的，從而將鎖定為選項(xiàng)B。你是這樣分析的嗎？對(duì)不起，錯(cuò)了！
◇_________ when one loses freedom does one know its value.
A. Just B. Only C. EvenD. Ever
你若一看此題就認(rèn)為這是考查 just, only, even, ever 四個(gè)的用法區(qū)別，從而去找一本同義詞詞典和用法詞典，來(lái)查查它們的異同，你很可能就要步入陷阱了。做對(duì)此題的關(guān)鍵要注意到句中的 …does one know its value 這一倒裝形式，你知道為什么注意此倒裝是關(guān)鍵嗎？
◇_________ he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.
A. When B. If C. HadD. Has
【分析】此題也與倒裝有關(guān)，你知道它是屬于什么類型的倒裝嗎？你知道它是為什么要倒裝的嗎？
本節(jié)搜集了部分典型的與倒裝有關(guān)的陷阱題，供同學(xué)們練習(xí)之用。
1. Little Jim is going to spend his holiday in Paris, _________ lives his uncle.
A. whichB. who C. whereD. that
許多同學(xué)一看到空格后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞lives，就以為空格處一定要填一個(gè)作主語(yǔ)的詞，從而誤選B或D。其實(shí)，此題的最佳答案應(yīng)是C，where lives his uncle 為倒裝詞序，此句可改為 and there lives hisuncle 或 and his uncle lives there。
2. Mr Smith has bought a little house in the country, around _________ some green trees.
A. which is B. it isC. which areD. them are
【分析】此題容易誤選A或B，將A、B中的 which 和 it 誤認(rèn)為是其后句子的主語(yǔ)。其實(shí)，此題的最佳答案為C，around which are some green trees 是一個(gè)由“介詞+which”引出的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而在該從句中，主語(yǔ)是 some green trees，around which 是表語(yǔ)，所以句子謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用are，而不是 is。請(qǐng)看類例：
Among these people was a foreigner from Europe. 他們當(dāng)中有一個(gè)來(lái)自歐洲的老外。(句子主語(yǔ)是 a foreigner，among these people 是表語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) was)
On the top of the tree were some birds. 樹(shù)頂上有一些鳥(niǎo)。(句子主語(yǔ)為 some birds，on the top ofthe tree 是表語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) were)
The police found a large box under his bed, in which were some sex books. 警察在他的床底下找到一只大箱子，里面裝的是一些黃色書(shū)籍。(in which were some sex books 為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在該從句中，in which 是表語(yǔ)，some sex books 是主語(yǔ)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)were)
3. Good luck to you, and _________ all your wishes come true!
A. canB. may C. must D. should
答案選B，may 置于句首可表示祝愿，又如：
May you succeed. 祝你成功。
May God bless you. 愿上帝保佑你。
May you have a very happy married life. 祝你的婚姻生活幸福美滿。
4. _________ when one loses freedom does one know its value.
A. Just B. OnlyC. EvenD. Ever
【分析】此題最佳答案應(yīng)選B，主要因?yàn)槠浜笾骶溆昧说寡b句式(…does one know its value)，而綜合所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有“only+狀語(yǔ)”置于句首才會(huì)引出倒裝句式。又如：
Only in this way can you do it well. 只有用這種辦法你才能把它做好。
Only by working hard can you succeed. 你只有努力才能成功。
Only after the accident did he have his car inspected. 只有在那次事故之后，他才叫人檢查他的車子。
5. I’m quite willing to help and _________ are the others.
A. theyB. who C. soD. even
答案選C，在“so + 倒裝句”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，so 的意思與 also 相似，主要用來(lái)回答或補(bǔ)充前面句子的意思，表示“……也一樣”。又如：
He was tired and so were the others. 他累了，其他人也累了。
Society has changed and so have the people in it. 社會(huì)變了，社會(huì)里的人也變了。
此結(jié)構(gòu)的前后句的時(shí)態(tài)和助動(dòng)詞通常是一致的，但有時(shí)由于語(yǔ)境不同，可能有例外。如：
If you stay for dinner, so will I. 你要是留下來(lái)吃飯，那我也就留下。
“She wants to marry a foreigner.” “So did I.” “她想嫁給老外。”“我當(dāng)年也有這想法。”
但是，如果前面一句是否定句，則后面一句不用 so，而用 neither 或 nor。如：
He didn’t like the house and neither did his wife. 他不喜歡這房子，他妻子也不喜歡。
The first one wasn’t good and nor was the second. 第一個(gè)不好，第二個(gè)也不好。
