周童瑜英語易筋經(jīng)：語法十二式之詞法秘訣F
【ON】
1.動(dòng)詞+on，A)動(dòng)詞+ on。此時(shí)on表示“憑借，產(chǎn)生某結(jié)果，接通”等意思：act on對(duì)…有作用, bring on促使;導(dǎo)致, call on拜訪某人,count on依賴, carry on執(zhí)行,depend on取決, feed on以…為生, go on繼續(xù),have on穿著, insist on堅(jiān)持,keep on繼續(xù), lean on依賴, live on以…為生, pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通(電源), work on操作, wait on侍候。B)動(dòng)詞+sb.(sth.)+ on +sb.(sth.)。此時(shí)on的意思是“以…，對(duì)…，在某方面”：base on以…為基礎(chǔ), congratulate on恭賀, fix on固定, have mercy on憐憫,have pity on憐惜, keep watch on監(jiān)視, spend on把時(shí)間、精力花在某方面。
2.be+形容詞+on的詞組：be dependent on依賴, be hard on對(duì)某人苛刻, be keen on渴望。
3.on+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組，此時(shí)on表示處于某種狀態(tài)或在某個(gè)方位：on board乘(車,飛機(jī)),on call聽候召喚, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire著火, on foot步行，on guard在崗，on holiday度假，on leave休假，on one’s knees跪下,on one’s way在…的路上,on purpose故意, on sale待售，on shore在岸上,on time準(zhǔn)時(shí), on the move行動(dòng), on the other hand另一方面, on the spot當(dāng)場,on the tip of one’s tongue快要說出口, on top of在…的頂部，on watch值班。
【TO】
1.動(dòng)詞+to，A) 動(dòng)詞+ to。介詞to意為“達(dá)到，指向”等：adjust to適應(yīng), attend to處理;照料, agree to贊同, amount to加起來達(dá)…，belong to屬于, come to達(dá)到, drink to為…干杯，get to到達(dá), happen to發(fā)生在某人身上, hold to緊握, lead to通向, listen to聽, occur to想起, object to反對(duì), point to指向, respond to回答, refer to參考;指的是…;涉及, reply to回答, see to負(fù)責(zé),stick to堅(jiān)持, turn to求助, write to給某人寫信。B) 動(dòng)詞(+sth.)+to+sb.。下列動(dòng)詞不能直接帶間接賓語sb.，要接間接賓語時(shí)須在動(dòng)詞后加介詞to：announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解釋, express to對(duì)某人表達(dá), mention to提及, nod to向某人點(diǎn)頭, report to報(bào)告, say to告知, shout to對(duì)某人大叫, suggest to對(duì)某人提建議,speak to與某人交談, talk to跟某人談話, whisper to和某人低聲耳語。C) 動(dòng)詞+sth/sb.+ to +sth/sb.。此時(shí)介詞to可譯成“到，于，給”等意思：add to增加, compare to比作, carry to運(yùn)送至, devote to致力于,introduce to介紹給, invite to邀請(qǐng)參加, leave to委托給, sentence to判處, take to帶到。
2. be +形容詞/過去分詞+ to。to的意思是“對(duì)…”：be alive to覺察;曉得,be attentive to注意;留心, be awake to知曉, be blind to缺乏眼光,be close to緊挨著, be common to對(duì)某人來說很普通, be contrary to違反;反對(duì), be devoted to致力, be deaf to不愿意聽, be equal to有…的力量,be exposed to暴露;遭受, be fair to對(duì)…公平, be grateful to對(duì)某人心存感激, be good to對(duì)…有好處, be harmful to對(duì)…有危害,be important to對(duì)…重要, be kind to友好對(duì)待, be known to周知于,be married to嫁給, be moved to轉(zhuǎn)移到, be near to靠近,be necessary to對(duì)…有必要, be opposite to在對(duì)面, be opposed to反對(duì), be proper to專屬, be polite to禮貌待人,be rude to粗暴對(duì)待, be relative to與…有關(guān), be strange to不習(xí)慣,be similar to類似, be true to忠實(shí),be thankful to感激, be useful to對(duì)…有用, be used to習(xí)慣。
3.to+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組： to a degree在某種程度上, to date到現(xiàn)在為止,to one’s feet跳起來，to one’s mind照…看來, to one’s surprise使…吃驚,to one’s taste符合胃口, to oneself獨(dú)自享用, to order定做,to the letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地。
【周童瑜特別提醒】：當(dāng)to為介詞，其后如要跟動(dòng)詞，則需變成doing形式。(更多詳情請(qǐng)參見周童瑜英語易筋經(jīng)：語法十二式之do/to do/doing秘訣)
