1. 有關(guān)定語(yǔ)從句的概念

(1)定語(yǔ)從句：就是在復(fù)合句里充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的從句，它通常緊靠在所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。

(2)先行詞：就是被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞。

(3)關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose, which和that等;關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why等。關(guān)系詞不僅起連接作用，而且還代表先行詞并在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任某一句子成分，關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，關(guān)系副詞作狀語(yǔ)。如：

This is the book that my father bought me yesterday. 這就是我父親昨天幫我買的那本書。

說(shuō)明：句中修飾the book的that my father bought me yesterday就是定語(yǔ)從句;被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的the book這是先行詞;代表the book的關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中作bought的直接賓語(yǔ)。

The time when he arrives is not known. 他到達(dá)的時(shí)間還不知道。

說(shuō)明：句中when he arrives是定語(yǔ)從句，被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的the time是先行詞，關(guān)系副詞when作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

2. 關(guān)系代詞的一般用法

先行詞是人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)用who，作賓語(yǔ)用whom或who，作定語(yǔ)用whose;先行詞是物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)都用which，作定語(yǔ)用of which或whose均可。在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常被省略。

This is the man who helped me yesterday. 這就是昨天幫助我的那個(gè)人。(作主語(yǔ))

The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming. 你要見(jiàn)的老師來(lái)了。(作see的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略)

I met a boy whose father was a astronaut. 我認(rèn)識(shí)一位男孩，他的父親是宇航員。(作定語(yǔ))

Here is the coat which/that will be made to you. 這是一件做給你的衣服。(作主語(yǔ))

This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.這就是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的那家工廠。(作visited的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略)

He has a book whose cover (=the cover of which) is very beautiful. 他有一本封面非常漂亮的書。

3. 關(guān) 關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因。when的先行詞通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等時(shí)間名詞;where的先行詞通常是place, city, town, village, house, case, situation, scenes等地點(diǎn)或情形名詞;why的先行詞只能是reason。關(guān)系副詞when和where有時(shí)可用“介詞+which”代替，why可用for which代替。如：

There are occasions when (=on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。

Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

注意：先行詞雖然是時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)，但若在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用關(guān)系代詞。

(1)The factory where his father worked has closed. 他父親曾工作的那家工廠關(guān)閉了。(作狀語(yǔ))

比較：The factory which/that was built in 1978 has closed. 1978年建的那家工廠關(guān)閉了。(作主語(yǔ))

(2) I’ll never forget the days when we lived together. 我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們一起生活的那些日子。(作狀語(yǔ))

比較：I’ll never forget the days (that) we spent in Australia. 我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們?cè)诎拇罄麃喍冗^(guò)的那些日子。(作及物動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ))

(3) The reason (why) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了變質(zhì)的肉。(作狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞)

比較：The reason (that) he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated.他所說(shuō)的缺席理由顯然是編造的。(作gave的賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞)