常用動(dòng)詞注意事薦
動(dòng)詞注意點(diǎn)
一、主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況
1． 感觀系動(dòng)詞，look, seem, sound, feel, smell, taste等
eg. The fish tastes nice.
2． measure, weigh等表示度量的動(dòng)詞。
eg. The elephant weights nearly a ton.
3. wash, clean, open, sell, read, last, write, steer等不及物動(dòng)詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義。eg.The ship steer easily.
二、被動(dòng)句表示主動(dòng)含義。
She was dressed in a red skirt.
此類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)于dress, seat, devote, adapt, accustom 等后面可以接反身代詞的動(dòng)詞。
二、時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)
1． 用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一種情緒。
She is always helping others.(表贊揚(yáng))
The man is always smoking in the office, which offends others very much.
2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作已完成，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作可能未完成。
He wrote a letter yesterday morning.(信已寫(xiě)完)
He was writing a letter yesterday evening. (信可能還未寫(xiě)完)
3．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)至今，一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示動(dòng)作已結(jié)束，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。
I have lived in this street.(我一直住這條街上)
I lived in this street.(我曾住在這條街上)
4．表示幾個(gè)連續(xù)動(dòng)作時(shí)，盡管有先后，仍要用相同時(shí)態(tài)。
He came into the classroom, put down the book and wrote a few words on the blackboard.
5. 在條件和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
6．?dāng)⑹鲞^(guò)去發(fā)生的某件事情常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生的事情才用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻/段內(nèi)正發(fā)生的事情，才用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的事情才用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。因此找準(zhǔn)時(shí)間的參照點(diǎn)，是正確運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。
7．羅列并熟記各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式。
三．動(dòng)詞的類別與特征中的注意點(diǎn)
1．兼作Vt.,Vi.的動(dòng)詞
（1）對(duì)兼作Vt.,Vi.的動(dòng)詞，要注意根據(jù)不同的情況選擇使用。
The children are flying their kites in the square.( Vt.)
We saw a plane flying high up in the sky.( Vi.)
（2）有些動(dòng)詞后跟從句時(shí)為Vt.，其它情況為Vi.，但意義基本不變。典型的有wonder, think, insist, agree,等。
The headmaster insisted that the students should wear school uniforms .
The headmaster insisted on the students wearing school uniforms.
（3）有些動(dòng)詞在Vt. Vi.之間，意義有所不同。如run, stand, lie等
She stood alone under the tree.
I can’t stand such cold weather.
2．常用的雙賓動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive, teach, lend, bring, explain, send, offer, pay, sell, buy, tell, show, write, ask, wish, read等，這些動(dòng)詞都帶有一定的趨向性。因此轉(zhuǎn)換成帶介詞的情況時(shí)，常可用for , to 來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換。
注意：explain sth. to sb.=explain to sb. sth., describe sth. to sb.=describe to sb. sth.
3.帶賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞，注意賓補(bǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)
賓補(bǔ)常是名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，副詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等。常見(jiàn)的此類動(dòng)詞有make, have, let, get, keep, find, see, feel, notice等，但要注意不同的動(dòng)詞有不同的接法。
He kept the children （keep不能用不定式作賓補(bǔ)）
Make…do, have…do/doing/done，get…to do/done, find…doing/done, leave…to do/doing/介詞短語(yǔ)/a./ad., see…doing/do/done
4.后面常接-ing的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)：suggest, finish, avoid, can’t help, mind, need, enjoy, require, postpone, delay, practice, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, admit, endure, escape, miss, appreciate, dislike, have a good time doing, put off, call off, give up
5.有些動(dòng)詞后面接to do 和-ing時(shí)意義基本相同，而有的則完全不同，要注意
Love, like, hate, forget, remember, stop, begin, start, continue, prefer, regret, intend, mean, want, need, require, neglect, try, deserve, can’t bear等
6．注意狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選用
Mother asked the son to notice his manners at the party. (notice就改為mind)
再如：listen/hear, look/see, look for/find, advise/persuade, marry/be married, join/be in等。
7．注意have表“有”時(shí)，及系動(dòng)詞一般不能用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
8．注意表示“有”時(shí)，have與there be 的選用
9．注意動(dòng)詞詞組分類（見(jiàn)<零距離>），尤其要注意各類動(dòng)詞詞組的使用特點(diǎn)及有的動(dòng)詞詞組的主被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換使用。
Make use of sth→sth is made use of(介詞不要掉了)/use is made of sth.
10．Hope, intend, expect, plan, want, think, mean 等動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，計(jì)劃，打算等
