1. 你會使用形式主語嗎
Is ______ necessary to complete the design before NationalDay?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
此題應(yīng)選C, 其余各項(xiàng)均有一定的干擾性。這里主要考察形式主語it的用法。一般說來, 當(dāng)主語是比較復(fù)雜的成分(如不定式、動名詞、從句等)時(shí), 通常在句首使用形式主語 it, 而把真正的主語放在后面：
Is it necessary to tell his father everything?有必要把這一切都告訴他父親嗎?
It is wrong to say anything like that on thatoccasion. 在那種場合說那樣的話是錯(cuò)誤的。
It’s no good sitting up too late. 熬夜沒有好處。
It’ll be wonderful lying on the beach all day. 整天躺在海灘上該是多么妙啊!
It is quite clear that he has read the book. 很顯然, 他讀過這本書。
It’s a problem where we could get so much money. 我們到哪里去弄這么多錢, 這是一個(gè)難題。
有時(shí)可在用作主語的不定式前加上介詞 for / of短語：
It is very kind of you to say that. 你這樣說, 真是太好了。
It is important for us to keep the balance ofnature. 我們要保持生態(tài)平衡, 這點(diǎn)很重要。
2. 你會使用形式賓語嗎
I don’t think ______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. thisB. thatC. itsD. it
此題的選項(xiàng)A, B都容易誤選。其實(shí)此題應(yīng)選D, 主要考察形式賓語it的使用。一般說來，形式賓語it主要用于以下句型：動詞＋it＋賓語補(bǔ)足語＋真正的賓語。其中的動詞通常是 think, find, feel, believe, take, consider, make 等；其中的賓語補(bǔ)足語通常是形容詞, 有時(shí)是名詞；而其中真正的賓語通常是比較復(fù)雜的成分(如不定式、動名詞、從句等)：
We found it difficult to persuade her. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難說服她。
He makes it a rule to get up before dawn. 他習(xí)慣于天亮前起床。
We found it an easy thing to get along with him. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)與他相處很容易。
I think it very strange that he goes out walking
almost every night. 我認(rèn)為他幾乎每晚都出去散步是很奇怪的。
有時(shí)可在用作賓語的不定式前加上介詞 for / of短語：
Poeple felt it impossible for man to fly intothe outer space some years ago. 幾年前, 人們覺得人不可能飛入太空。
I don’t think it wise for [of] him to choosesuch a difficult subject. 我認(rèn)為他選擇這樣難的學(xué)科是不明智的。
3. 介紹一種特殊用法的形式賓語
May I take ______ that you have agreed to stay with us.
A. this B. that C. it D. all
此題選C, 這是一種比較特殊的形式賓語。一般說來，形式賓語it主要用于以下句型：動詞＋it＋賓語補(bǔ)足語＋真正的賓語。也就是說在通常情況下, 要用形式賓語, 原句型應(yīng)有賓語補(bǔ)足語。以上句型特殊之處就在于：在形式賓語和真正的賓語(名詞性從句)之間沒有賓語補(bǔ)足語。類似情況有：
I take it (that) you agree. 我以為你同意了。
Lenin has it that imperialism is the last stageof capitalism. 列寧認(rèn)為帝國主義是資本主義的最后階段。
Report has it that about 30 people were killedin the accident. 據(jù)報(bào)道, 在這次事故中大約在30人喪命。
I’ll see to it that all these letters will besent to the post before twelve. 我將注意讓所有的信件在12點(diǎn)以前送到郵局。
You may depend on it that he will turn up intime. 你可以相信他會及時(shí)趕到的。
I can’t answer for it that the boy is honest. (=I can’t answer for his honesty). 我不能保證這個(gè) 男孩是誠實(shí)的。
I can swear to it that this man stole our money. 我可以發(fā)誓, 這個(gè)人偷了我們的錢。
4. it用法一特例
I hate ______ when people ask me for money.
A. itB. thatC. theseD. them
此題應(yīng)選A, 這是it一種比較特殊的用法, 雖然一般書上論述不多, 但它卻經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在各級各類考試中, 比如1998年的高考英語就有這樣一道題：
I hate ______ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. itB. that C. theseD. them
此題答案為A。
適合于以上用法的動詞不多, 常見的主要有 hate, like, 當(dāng)它們后面接有when / if從句時(shí), 從句前應(yīng)有it：
I don’t like it when she tells me how to dothings. 我不喜歡她對我做事指手劃腳。
She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜歡你遲到。
He hates it when people use her bike. 他討厭別人用她的自行車。
I hate it if you say such things in public. 我討厭你在大庭廣眾之下說那樣的事。
有時(shí)動詞appreciate后接if從句, 從句前也要用it：
I would appreciate it very much if you wouldhelp me with it. 如果你能幫助我做這事, 我會十分感激。
I should much appreciate it if you would arrangethis for us. 如果你能替我安排這事我將非常感激。
5. it還是he
有這樣一道題，哪空該填 it 哪空該填 he?
a. Jim is at the door. ______ wants to see you.
b. Someone is at the door. ______ must be Jim.
A. That, It B. It, HeC. He, ItD. Who, He
此題應(yīng)選C。第a. 句填代詞 he，是因?yàn)榍懊嬉痪溆昧薐im這一身份和性別都很明確的名詞；第b. 句填代詞it，是因?yàn)榍懊嬉痪淞藄omeone這一指代不明確的代詞。
一般說來, 在指代身份或性別明確的人時(shí), 通常要根據(jù)情況用代詞he / she；若是指代身份或性別不明的人, 則用代詞it：
I don’t know who it is. 我不知道那是誰。
A tall man stood up and shook hands with her. It was the general manager. 一個(gè)高個(gè)子站起來同她握了手，他是總經(jīng)理。
Someone must have been here. But we have no idea who it was. 一定有人來過，但我們不知道是誰。
There was somebody standing in front of the shop, but I couldn’t see who it was. 商店前站著一個(gè)人，但我沒看清是誰。
A：Who has let out the secret? 是誰泄漏了密秘?
B：It must be a big mouth. 一定是個(gè)快嘴。
A：I hear a knock at the door. 我聽見有人在敲門。
B：It must be the postman. 一定是郵遞員來了。
A：Do you know who that is? 你知道那個(gè)人是誰嗎?
B：I suppose it is Mary’s father. 我想那是瑪麗的父親。
6. it在某些固定句式中的使用
Does ______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
此題選 D。注意在以下句式中通常都用it作主語：
It looks as if that he is very rich. 他看起來好象很富有。
It seems that he is interested in music. 他似乎對音樂有興趣。
It appears as if they have lost interest. 看來他們已失去了興趣。
It happened that he was there with us. 碰巧他當(dāng)時(shí)和我們在一起。
It matters little if I miss my bus. 即使我沒搭上公共汽車也沒什么大不了的。
順便說一下It doesn’t matter. 的有關(guān)用法：
1. It doesn’t matter. 單獨(dú)使用(即其后不接詞)時(shí)，也可說成 That doesn’t matter. 其意為“沒關(guān)系”(主要用來回答道歉和表示某事不是很重要)：
A：Would you go there with me? 你愿和我一起去嗎?
B：I’d like to, but I have to post these letters.
我很愿意去，但我要去寄這些信。
A：That [It] doesn’t matter. 沒關(guān)系。
2. It doesn’t matter. 若不是單獨(dú)使用, 而是在其后跟有從句, 則句首的it便不能改為that：
It doesn’t matter to me whether she is pleasedor not. 她是否滿意對我而言并不重要。
7. it在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的使用
______ these boys that played tricks on their teachers.
A. They wereB. It were C. There were D. It was
此題應(yīng)D。這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：
It is＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that(who)＋其它
該句型應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1. 不管被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，其前一律用It is / It was，而不能用They are / There were之類的。
2. 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是指人時(shí)，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分后可用that / who，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指物時(shí)，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分后只能用that。
3. 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是指時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)時(shí)，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分后通常用that，一般不用when, where之類的。
It is I who am right. 是我對。
It was you that were wrong. 是你錯(cuò)了。
It was in the Japan that he died. 他是死于日本。
It was yesterday that he got married. 他是昨天結(jié)婚的。
It was a computer that he bought last week. 他上個(gè)星期買的是一臺電腦。
Where was it that she lived? 她是住在什么地方?
When was it that he left for Japan? 他是什么時(shí)候離開去日本的?
Who is it that teaches you English? 是誰教你們英語?
