1. 指示代詞的基本用法

指示代詞包括this, that, these, those等，它們在句中既可用作代詞，也可用作形容詞。一般說來，this, these表“近指”，，而that, those則“遠(yuǎn)指”。

2. 指示代詞指上文還是指下文

指上文提到的事多用that，有時(shí)用this，指下文的事只能用this。如：

—He was nearly drowned once.

—When was ________?

—________was in 1998 when he was in middle school.

A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This

答案是A。指上文提到的事多用that，it指時(shí)間。

3. 電話用語中的指示代詞

在電話用語中指自己用this，指對方用that，不用I或you。如：

“Who’s that?” “This is Mary speaking.”“你是哪位?”“我是瑪麗?！?/p>

4. 指示代詞受定語從句的修飾

指示代詞that, those后可接定語從句，一般說來，that后接which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，those后接who引導(dǎo)的定語從句。如：

They say the only real knowledge is that which can be measured. 據(jù)說唯一真實(shí)的知識(shí)是可以檢驗(yàn)的知識(shí)。

Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些預(yù)先訂票的人可以進(jìn)去。

5. 指示代詞用作替代詞

that, those有時(shí)可用作替代詞，用以替代前面提到過的人或事物。如：

My seat is next to that of the mayor. 我的座位在市長座位旁邊。

Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 紅色光線的波長約為藍(lán)色波長的兩倍。