非謂語動(dòng)詞

非謂語動(dòng)詞是高中語法的重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)，學(xué)生常常對(duì)此感到頭疼。其實(shí)只要理解并掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞各種形式的特點(diǎn)，做起題來會(huì)很輕松。我們?cè)谑煜ぶ懒朔侵^語動(dòng)詞形式后，做題時(shí)可分四步分析。

一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1. ________many times , but he still couldn’t understand it .

2. ________many times , he still couldn’t understand it .

A. Having been told . B. He was told C. Told D. Though he had been told

3. ________to the left , you’ll find the post office . 4. If you ________to the left , you’ll find the post office . 5. ________to the left , and you’ll find the post office .

A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned

二、分析邏輯主語

確定要選非謂語動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。

1. ________no buses , we have to walk home .

A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being

2. ______Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home .

分析：句1. 表示“沒有公共汽車”，應(yīng)用“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)，即邏輯主語是“there”，故選A 。句2. 同理選D。

三、分析語態(tài)

分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

1. ______from space , the earth looks blue .

2.______from space , we can see the earth is blue .

A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See

這兩個(gè)題選項(xiàng)中的非謂語動(dòng)詞都沒有加自己的邏輯主語,因此其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。

分析：句1. “地球”被“看起來”，表被動(dòng)，故選A，用過去分詞表被動(dòng)。句2. 我們“主動(dòng)看……”即表主動(dòng)，故選B。

3. The dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside .

4. ______ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . A. was washed B. washed C.were washed D.having washed

分析：句3. 前面應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作句子的狀語，邏輯主語是“the dirty clothes”，和動(dòng)詞搭配表示“衣服被洗”，故選B。

句4. 邏輯主語為句子的主語“the girl”，表示“女孩洗衣服”，為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選D。

四、分析時(shí)態(tài)，在選定了主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)后，還要考慮動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間問題，即時(shí)態(tài)。

1. The building ______now will be a restaurant .

2. The building ______next year will be a restaurant .

3. The building ______last year is a restaurant.

A. having been built B.to be built C.being built D. built

句1中 now 說明大樓正在被修，故用進(jìn)行式，選C。

句2中next year 說明大樓將在明年被修，故用表將來的不定式，選B。

句3中 last year 說明大樓已被修，但不能選，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式不能作定語，故用過去分詞，選D。

又如：

1. He stood there______for his mother .

2. ______for two hours , he went away .

A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D.Having waited

句1表示“站在那等”，兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，故選A作伴隨狀語。

句2表示已經(jīng)等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞“went away ”之前，故用完成式，選D 。

需要注意的是，非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定也是常考的項(xiàng)目，要認(rèn)清否定形式，非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定都應(yīng)將not 放在前面。

如：

What is the reason for ______there ?

A. not your going B. not your go C. your not going D. you not to go

鞏固練習(xí):

1. ______won’t be of much help .

A .Tom’s going B. Tom going C. Tom to go D. Tom goes

2. They managed _____the meeting room before the guests arrived.

A. finishing to clean B. finishing cleaning C. to finish cleaning D. to finish to clean

3. We must find a room big enough _____.

A. for all of us to live B. for all of us to live inC. to live in all of us D. of all of us to live

4. _____a teacher , I should set a good example to students .

A. Being B. Having been C. To be D. As I being

5. _____a teacher ,one must first be their pupil .

A. Being B. Having been C. To be D. To have been

6. It was stupid _____ your advice.

A. for me not to take B. for me not takingC. of me not to take D. of me not taking

7. The teacher told him to speak louder _____by everybody.

A. so as to be heard B. so as to hear C. in order that heard D. in order to hear

8. They suggested _____ the sports meet till next Tuesday.

A. us to put off B. our putting off C. us of putting off D. our put off

9. The doctor gave me some medicine , _____ three times a day before meals.

A. to take B. to be taking C. to be taken D. I took it

10. Thanking them for their kindness , he said that the old lady really appreciated _____by them.

A. visiting B. visited C. to be visited D. being visited

12. Don’t you think it any good_____in public places?

A. forbidding smoking B. to forbid smoking

C. to forbid to smoke D. forbidding to smoke

13. China is a _____ country and we should introduce _____ science and technology from the _____ countries.

A. developed; advanced; developed B. developing;advanced;developed

C. developing;advancing;developing D. developed; advancing ; developing

14. _____, the work can be done much better .

_____, we can do the work better.

A. Given more time B.We had been given more time

C. More time given D. If more time had given

15. _____from space , the earth , with water _____seventy percent of its surface , looks like a "blue ball".

A. Seen ; covered B. Seeing ; covering C. Seeing; covered D. Seen; covering

16. People always shake hands with each other when _____.

A. to introduce B. introduce C. introduced D. introducing

19. We must take measures to prevent our earth _____.

A. to be polluted B. from pollutingC. from being polluted D. from polluted

20. As the stone was too heavy to move , I left it _____ on the ground .

A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain.

21 —Good morning.Can I help you?

—I’d like to have this package ____，madam.(MET 89)

A.weighed B.weighing C.weigh D.be weighed

22 The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ____.(NMET 91)

A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard

23 When the teacher came in, the children pretended___ attentively.

A. reading B.to be read C. being read D.to be reading

24 Everybody says he is a __boy.

A.promised B.promising C.tO promise D.Promise

25 He looked at me with___ eyes.

A.question B. questioning C.to question D. being questioned

26 I listened to the rain，___ that he would not come tonight.

A.thinking B.to think

27 I can hardly imagine Robert____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days

A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed

28 I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon.

A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.yours calling

29 To master a foreign language,______.

A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice

C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice

30 _________a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter.

A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received

31 When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____

“Sorry to miss you; will call later.”

A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading

32 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.

A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make

33 ____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (‘03上海春)

A.The president will attend B.The president to attend

C.The president attended D.The president’s attending

34 She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role______ in making the earth a better place to live. (‘03上海春)

A.to have played B to play C to be played D to be playing

35 Unless ___ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.

A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invited (‘03上春)

36 The secretary worked late into the night, _____ a long speech for the president.

A to prepare B preparing C prepared D was prepared

37 They wrote a letter yesterday, ____ his thanks to the people who had helped them.

A expressed B to express C expressing D was expressing

38 ____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

A Having suffered B Suffering C That D Suffered

39 The manager, ____ his factory’s products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.

A knowing B known C to know D know

40 ‘Can’t you read?’ Mary said ___ to he notice.

A angrily pointing B and point angrily C angrily pointed D and angrily pointing

41 ___late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarm.(NMET 2001)

A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept

42 ___more attention，the trees could have grown better.(MET 1990)

A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given

43 The firemen rushed into the building _____ by the fire in spite of danger.

A. being eaten up B. to be eaten up

C. eaten up D. having been eaten up

44 There is no fun _____ the evening _____ nothing.

A. spending/doing B. to spend/to do C. spending/to go D. to spend/doing

I didn’t hear you _____ in last night.

45 —That’s good. We tried _____ noisy.

A. come/not being B. coming/to not beC. coming/not being D. come/not to be

46 It’s no use __ me not to worry.

you tell B. your telling C. having told D. for you to have told

47 Having no money but __ to know, Lawrence simply said he had just had dinner.

A. not wanting anyone B. not to want anyone C. wanted no one D. to want no one

48 here is more land in Australia than the government knows __.

what to do with B. how to do C. to do with it D. to do it

49 __ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.

When compared B. Compare C. While comparing D. Comparing

50 “Did Sally say anything about me in her letter?” “ Only that she’d appreciate __ from you.”

A to hear B. hearing C. to hearing D. to have heard

51 .The professor had me __ my paper many times before allowing me to present it to the committee.

A. to revise B. revise C. revising D. revised